If you’re planning on driving in Georgia (the country, not the U.S. state), you’re in for a real adventure. The roads take you through stunning landscapes—from the lush valleys of Kakheti to the dramatic mountain passes of the Greater Caucasus. But like any country, Georgia has its own driving rules, quirks, and challenges. I’ve driven through Georgia multiple times, so I’ll walk you through what you need to know to navigate the roads safely and confidently.
Traffic Side and Road Conditions in Georgia
Which Side of the Road Do They Drive On?
In Georgia, you drive on the right-hand side of the road. This aligns with most of Europe and the U.S. However, one quirk you’ll quickly notice is that many cars are imported with steering wheels on the right side (from Japan), even though they drive on the right. This can be a bit confusing, especially when overtaking, so stay alert.
Road Conditions and Driving Culture
Georgia’s main highways, such as the E60 from Tbilisi to Kutaisi, are generally in good condition. However, once you get off the main routes, roads can be quite rough, especially in rural or mountainous areas. Be prepared for gravel roads, potholes, and unexpected obstacles like livestock wandering into your lane (yes, it happens often).
Driving culture in Georgia is a bit aggressive compared to Western Europe. Expect fast lane changes, tailgating, and drivers making bold maneuvers without signaling. Defensive driving is key here. Locals tend to be experienced with the roads, but as a foreigner, you might feel rushed or pressured—take your time and drive cautiously.
Fuel Availability
Fuel is readily available in cities and larger towns, with modern gas stations offering petrol, diesel, and sometimes LPG. However, in remote areas like Svaneti or Tusheti, fuel stations can be scarce, so it’s wise to fill up when you can. Credit cards are widely accepted in urban stations, but carry some cash for rural areas.
Speed Limits, Traffic Signs, and Road Etiquette
Speed Limits in Georgia
Speed limits in Georgia are straightforward but can change rapidly, especially when moving from urban to rural roads:
- 50 km/h (31 mph) in cities and towns.
- 90 km/h (56 mph) on rural roads.
- 110 km/h (68 mph) on highways.
Pay close attention to road signs (they’re often in both Georgian and English) and speed cameras, which are common, especially near towns. Fines are issued automatically and can be hefty, so it’s best not to push your luck.
Traffic Lights and Signs
Traffic lights in Georgia work just like anywhere else, but some intersections, particularly in smaller towns, might lack them entirely. In such cases, roundabouts or right-of-way rules apply (more on this in a bit).
It’s important to watch for signs warning of sudden road changes or pedestrian crossings—both pedestrians and livestock have the habit of crossing the road unexpectedly.
Navigating Roundabouts and Right of Way
Roundabouts are common in cities like Tbilisi and Batumi. The general rule is that vehicles already in the roundabout have the right of way, but don’t be surprised if some locals try to push their way in. I’ve found that it’s best to approach roundabouts slowly and be ready to yield even when you technically have the right of way.
Outside of cities, there’s more unpredictability. Drivers might not always follow the rules strictly, especially in rural areas. Keep an eye on the road, and don’t be shy about using your horn—it’s common practice.
Safety Rules and Road Laws in Georgia
Seatbelt and Child Safety
Georgia takes seatbelt use seriously: seatbelts are mandatory for both front and rear passengers. However, you’ll often see locals ignoring this law, especially in rural areas. It’s best to follow the rules, both for your safety and to avoid fines.
For families: If you’re traveling with children, child seats are required for young passengers, though enforcement isn’t always strict. Still, it’s a good idea to bring your own or rent one when you pick up your vehicle.
Headlights and Mobile Phone Use
In Georgia, daytime running lights are not mandatory, but you should use headlights in poor weather or on mountain roads. It’s also illegal to use your phone while driving unless you have a hands-free system. The local police do enforce this law, and fines can be steep.
Alcohol Limits and Drinking and Driving
The legal blood alcohol limit for drivers in Georgia is 0.03%, which is very low (essentially one drink). Police perform random breathalyzer tests, especially on weekends or holidays. It’s wise to avoid alcohol entirely if you’re getting behind the wheel, as fines and penalties for drunk driving are severe.
Documents, Tolls, and Emergency Numbers
Required Documents for Driving in Georgia
To legally drive in Georgia, you’ll need:
- A valid driver’s license (an International Driving Permit isn’t required if your license is in English, but it can help).
- Your passport and visa (if applicable).
- Vehicle registration documents.
- Insurance: It’s mandatory to have third-party liability insurance in Georgia. If you’re renting a car, this should be included, but double-check the policy details.
Toll Roads and Fees
Most roads in Georgia are free to use, including major highways. However, there are some tolls for specific tunnels and mountain passes. It’s always good to carry some small cash for toll booths, as credit cards aren’t universally accepted.
Emergency Numbers and What to Do in Case of an Accident
In case of an emergency, dial 112 for all services (police, fire, and medical). Georgia has an efficient emergency response system, particularly in urban areas. If you’re involved in an accident, do not move your vehicle until the police arrive—this is required by law.
Conclusion
Driving in Georgia can be a thrilling experience, offering you access to some of the most remote and beautiful parts of the country. However, it also comes with its challenges—unpredictable roads, bold local drivers, and a mix of right- and left-hand steering vehicles. Stick to the rules, drive defensively, and take it slow, especially in rural areas or mountain passes. Don’t forget to fill up whenever you have the chance and always have your documents handy.
With the right preparation, driving in Georgia can be an unforgettable part of your travel experience. So, buckle up and enjoy the ride!
All about driving in Georgia
Do I need an International Driving Permit (IDP) to drive in Georgia?
No, you don’t need an IDP if your license is in English or has a recognizable translation. However, having one can help avoid misunderstandings.
Is driving in the mountains of Georgia dangerous?
Mountain driving in Georgia can be challenging due to steep, narrow roads and unexpected obstacles like rocks or livestock. Make sure your vehicle is in good condition, drive slowly, and avoid night driving in these areas if possible.
Are there toll roads in Georgia?
Most roads are toll-free, but there are some fees for certain tunnels or mountain roads. It’s best to carry cash for these tolls, especially in remote areas.
Is it safe to drive at night in Georgia?
Night driving can be risky due to poor road lighting and local drivers’ aggressive habits. It’s safer to avoid driving at night, especially in rural areas.
